Back Mana Afrikaans المانا Arabic Мана (магия) Bulgarian Mana (mitologia) Catalan Mana (energie) Czech Mana Danish Mana German Mana (antropología) Spanish Mana (antropologia) Basque مانا (اسطورهشناسی) Persian
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In Melanesian and Polynesian cultures, mana is a supernatural force that permeates the universe.[1] Anyone or anything can have mana. They believed it to be a cultivation or possession of energy and power, rather than being a source of power.[1] It is an intentional force.[1]
Mana has been discussed mostly in relation to cultures of Polynesia, but also of Melanesia, notably the Solomon Islands[2][3] and Vanuatu.[4][5][6][7][8]
In the 19th century, scholars compared mana to similar concepts such as the orenda of the Iroquois Indians and theorized that mana was a universal phenomenon that explained the origin of religions.[1]
- ^ a b c d "Mana (Polynesian and Melanesian religion)". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ Keesing, Roger (1982). Kwaio Religion: The Living and the Dead in a Solomon Island Society. New York: Columbia University Press.
- ^ Keesing 1984.
- ^ Codrington (1891:118 ff.)
- ^ Ivens, W. G. (1931). "The Place of Vui and Tamate in the Religion of Mota". The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 61: 157–166. doi:10.2307/2843828. ISSN 0307-3114. JSTOR 2843828.
- ^ Mondragón 2004.
- ^ François, Alexandre (2013), "Shadows of bygone lives: The histories of spiritual words in northern Vanuatu" (PDF), in Mailhammer, Robert (ed.), Lexical and structural etymology: Beyond word histories, Studies in Language Change, vol. 11, Berlin: DeGruyter Mouton, pp. 185–244
- ^ François, Alexandre (2022). "Awesome forces and warning signs: Charting the semantic history of *tabu words in Vanuatu" (PDF). Oceanic Linguistics. 61 (1): 212–255. doi:10.1353/ol.2022.0017. Retrieved 11 July 2022.