Wutun language

Wutun
Wutun
Native to	China
Region	Qinghai province, mainly in Tongren County
Ethnicity	Tibetans
Native speakers	4,000 (2016)
Language family	mixed Lower Yangtze Mandarin–Amdo–Bonan
Language codes
ISO 639-3	wuh
Glottolog	wutu1241
ELP	Wutunhua

The Wutun language (Chinese: 五屯话; pinyin: Wǔtúnhuà) is a Mandarin–Amdo–Bonan creole language. It is spoken by about 4,000 people, most of whom are classified as Monguor (Tu) by the Chinese government. Wutun speakers reside in two villages (Upper Wutun 上五屯 and Lower Wutun 下五屯) of Tongren County, eastern Qinghai province, China.^[2]^[3] It is also known as the Ngandehua language.^[4]

The two Wutun villages, as well as other villages in the area, were under the control of a Mongol banner for several centuries, and have long been regarded by governments as members of a Mongol ethnic group. However, they self-identify as Tibetans.^[3]

^ Sandman, Erika (2016). A Grammar of Wutun (PDF) (PhD thesis). University of Helsinki. hdl:10138/168427. ISBN 978-951-51-2633-7.
^ Lee-Smith, Mei W.; Wurm, Stephen A. (1996), Wurm, Stephen A.; Mühlhäusler, Peter; Tyron, Darrell T. (eds.), Atlas of languages of intercultural communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas, Volume 2, Part 1. (Volume 13 of Trends in Linguistics, Documentation Series), Walter de Gruyter, pp. 820, 883, ISBN 3-11-013417-9, retrieved 12 November 2013, International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies, North China: Intercultural communications involving languages other than Chinese
^ ^a ^b Lee-Smith, Mei W.; Wurm, Stephen A. (1996), "The Wutun language", in Wurm, Stephen A.; Mühlhäusler, Peter; Tyron, Darrell T. (eds.), Atlas of languages of intercultural communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas, Volume 2, Part 1. (Volume 13 of Trends in Linguistics, Documentation Series), Walter de Gruyter, p. 883, ISBN 3-11-013417-9, retrieved 10 October 2013, International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies, North China: Intercultural communications involving languages other than Chinese
^ Asian Highlands Perspectives 36: Mapping the Monguor. Asian Highlands Perspectives. 2016. p. 276. Retrieved 12 June 2018.

[1] Sandman, Erika (2016). A Grammar of Wutun (PDF) (PhD thesis). University of Helsinki. hdl:10138/168427. ISBN 978-951-51-2633-7.

[wurm-2] Lee-Smith, Mei W.; Wurm, Stephen A. (1996), Wurm, Stephen A.; Mühlhäusler, Peter; Tyron, Darrell T. (eds.), Atlas of languages of intercultural communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas, Volume 2, Part 1. (Volume 13 of Trends in Linguistics, Documentation Series), Walter de Gruyter, pp. 820, 883, ISBN 3-11-013417-9, retrieved 12 November 2013, International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies, North China: Intercultural communications involving languages other than Chinese

[mei-3] Lee-Smith, Mei W.; Wurm, Stephen A. (1996), "The Wutun language", in Wurm, Stephen A.; Mühlhäusler, Peter; Tyron, Darrell T. (eds.), Atlas of languages of intercultural communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas, Volume 2, Part 1. (Volume 13 of Trends in Linguistics, Documentation Series), Walter de Gruyter, p. 883, ISBN 3-11-013417-9, retrieved 10 October 2013, International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies, North China: Intercultural communications involving languages other than Chinese

[4] Asian Highlands Perspectives 36: Mapping the Monguor. Asian Highlands Perspectives. 2016. p. 276. Retrieved 12 June 2018.

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Wutun language

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