Xianbei state

Xianbei state 鮮卑 Xiānbèi
c. 93–234
The Xianbei Confederation c. 180
The Xianbei state at its maximum extent
Status	Nomadic empire
Capital	Near the Orkhon River, modern-day Mongolia
Common languages	Xianbei
Religion	Shamanism Tengrism Buddhism[1]
Government	Monarchy
Historical era	Antiquity
• Established	c. 93
• Disestablished	234
Area
200[2]	4,500,000 km2 (1,700,000 sq mi)
Preceded by Succeeded by Xiongnu Rouran Khaganate Han dynasty Dai (Sixteen Kingdoms)

The Xianbei state or Xianbei confederation was a nomadic empire which existed in modern-day Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, northern Xinjiang, Northeast China, Gansu, Buryatia, Zabaykalsky Krai, Irkutsk Oblast, Tuva, Altai Republic and eastern Kazakhstan from c. 93 to 234. Like most ancient peoples known through Chinese historiography, the ethnic makeup of the Xianbei is unclear,^[3] though they are believed to have been a Proto-Mongolic people.^[4] There are also other strong suggestions that they were a multi-ethnic confederation with Mongolic and Turkic influences.^[5][6] They originated from the Donghu people who splintered into the Wuhuan and Xianbei when they were defeated by the Xiongnu at the end of the third century BC. Following the split, the Xianbei people did not have a direct contact with the Han Dynasty, residing to the north of the Wuhuan. In the first century BC, the Xianbei began to actively engage in the struggle between the Han and Xiongnu, which culminated in the Xianbei replacing the Xiongnu in 93 AD.