Back JavaScript Afrikaans JavaScript AN JavaScript ANG جافا سكريبت Arabic جافا سكريبت ARZ JavaScript AST JavaScript Azerbaijani جاوااسکریپت AZB JavaScript BAT-SMG JavaScript Byelorussian
 Screenshot of JavaScript source code | |
| Paradigm | Multi-paradigm: event-driven, functional, imperative, procedural, object-oriented programming |
|---|---|
| Designed by | Brendan Eich of Netscape initially; others have also contributed to the ECMAScript standard |
| First appeared | December 4, 1995[1] |
| Stable release | ECMAScript 2021[2] 
/ June 2021 |
| Preview release | ECMAScript 2022[3]
/ 22 July 2021 |
| Typing discipline | Dynamic, weak, duck |
| Filename extensions |
|
| Website | www |
| Major implementations | |
| V8, JavaScriptCore, SpiderMonkey, Chakra | |
| Influenced by | |
| Java,[5][6] Scheme,[6] Self,[7] AWK,[8] HyperTalk[9] | |
| Influenced | |
| ActionScript, AssemblyScript, CoffeeScript, Dart, Haxe, JS++, Objective-J, Opa, TypeScript | |
| |
JavaScript (/ˈdʒɑːvəskrɪpt/), often abbreviated as JS, is a programming language that is one of the core technologies of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and CSS. As of 2022, 98% of websites use JavaScript on the client side for webpage behavior, often incorporating third-party libraries. All major web browsers have a dedicated JavaScript engine to execute the code on users' devices.
JavaScript is a high-level, often just-in-time compiled language that conforms to the ECMAScript standard.[10] It has dynamic typing, prototype-based object-orientation, and first-class functions. It is multi-paradigm, supporting event-driven, functional, and imperative programming styles. It has application programming interfaces (APIs) for working with text, dates, regular expressions, standard data structures, and the Document Object Model (DOM).
The ECMAScript standard does not include any input/output (I/O), such as networking, storage, or graphics facilities. In practice, the web browser or other runtime system provides JavaScript APIs for I/O.
JavaScript engines were originally used only in web browsers, but are now core components of some servers and a variety of applications. The most popular runtime system for this usage is Node.js.
Although Java and JavaScript are similar in name, syntax, and respective standard libraries, the two languages are distinct and differ greatly in design.
- ^ "Netscape and Sun announce JavaScript, the Open, Cross-platform Object Scripting Language for Enterprise Networks and the Internet" (Press release). December 4, 1995. Archived from the original on 2007-09-16.
- ^ "ECMAScript® 2021 language specification". June 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
- ^ https://tc39.es/ecma262/; retrieved: 27 July 2021; publication date: 22 July 2021.
- ^ "nodejs/node-eps". GitHub. Archived from the original on 2020-08-29. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
- ^ Seibel, Peter (September 16, 2009). Coders at Work: Reflections on the Craft of Programming. ISBN 9781430219484. Archived from the original on December 24, 2020. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
Eich: The immediate concern at Netscape was it must look like Java.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
originwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Popularity – Brendan Eich".
- ^ "Brendan Eich: An Introduction to JavaScript, JSConf 2010". YouTube. p. 22m. Archived from the original on August 29, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
Eich: "function", eight letters, I was influenced by AWK.
- ^ Eich, Brendan (1998). "Foreword". In Goodman, Danny (ed.). JavaScript Bible (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-7645-3188-3. LCCN 97078208. OCLC 38888873. OL 712205M.
- ^ "ECMAScript® 2020 Language Specification". Archived from the original on 2020-05-08. Retrieved 2020-05-08.