Back ليفودوبا Arabic ليفودوبا ARZ L-dopa Catalan L-Dopa Welsh Levodopa German Λεβοντόπα Greek Levodopa Spanish Levodopa Estonian Lebodopa Basque لوودوپا Persian
.svg) Skeletal formula of L-DOPA | |
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| Pronunciation | /ˌɛlˈdoʊpə/, /ˌlɛvoʊˈdoʊpə/ |
| Trade names | Larodopa, Dopar, Inbrija, others |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Professional Drug Facts |
| MedlinePlus | a619018 |
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| Routes of administration | By mouth, intravenous |
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| Bioavailability | 30% |
| Metabolism | Aromatic-l-amino-acid decarboxylase |
| Elimination half-life | 0.75–1.5 hours |
| Excretion | renal 70–80% |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.405 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C9H11NO4 |
| Molar mass | 197.190 g·mol−1 |
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l-DOPA, also known as levodopa and l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, is made and used as part of the normal biology of some plants [3] and animals, including humans. Humans, as well as a portion of the other animals that utilize l-DOPA, make it via biosynthesis from the amino acid l-tyrosine. l-DOPA is the precursor to the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline), which are collectively known as catecholamines. Furthermore, l-DOPA itself mediates neurotrophic factor release by the brain and CNS.[4][5] In some plant families (of the order Caryophyllales), l-DOPA is the central precursor of a biosynthetic pathway that produces a class of pigments called betalains.[6] l-DOPA can be manufactured and in its pure form is sold as a psychoactive drug with the INN levodopa; trade names include Sinemet, Pharmacopa, Atamet, and Stalevo. As a drug, it is used in the clinical treatment of Parkinson's disease and dopamine-responsive dystonia.
l-DOPA has a counterpart with opposite chirality, d-DOPA. As is true for many molecules, the human body produces only one of these isomers (the l-DOPA form). The enantiomeric purity of l-DOPA may be analyzed by determination of the optical rotation or by chiral thin-layer chromatography.[7]
- ^ Howard ST, Hursthouse MB, Lehmann CW, Poyner EA (1995). "Experimental and theoretical determination of electronic properties in Ldopa". Acta Crystallogr. B. 51: 328–337. doi:10.1107/S0108768194011407.
- ^ a b "Levodopa Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 12 July 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
JAMANeurowas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Lopez VM, Decatur CL, Stamer WD, Lynch RM, McKay BS (September 2008). "L-DOPA is an endogenous ligand for OA1". PLOS Biology. 6 (9): e236. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060236. PMC 2553842. PMID 18828673.
- ^ Hiroshima Y, Miyamoto H, Nakamura F, Masukawa D, Yamamoto T, Muraoka H, Kamiya M, Yamashita N, Suzuki T, Matsuzaki S, Endo I, Goshima Y (January 2014). "The protein Ocular albinism 1 is the orphan GPCR GPR143 and mediates depressor and bradycardic responses to DOPA in the nucleus tractus solitarii". British Journal of Pharmacology. 171 (2): 403–14. doi:10.1111/bph.12459. PMC 3904260. PMID 24117106.
- ^ Polturak G, Breitel D, Grossman N, et al. (2016). "Elucidation of the first committed step in betalain biosynthesis enables the heterologous engineering of betalain pigments in plants". New Phytol. 210 (1): 269–283. doi:10.1111/nph.13796.
- ^ Martens J, Günther K, Schickedanz M (1986). "Resolution of Optical Isomers by Thin-Layer Chromatography: Enantiomeric Purity of Methyldopa". Arch. Pharm. 319 (6): 572–574. doi:10.1002/ardp.19863190618. S2CID 97903386.