Chemical element, symbol Zr and atomic number 40
Zirconium, 40 Zr Pronunciation (zur-KOH -nee-əm ) Appearance silvery white
Atomic number (Z ) 40 Group group 4 Period period 5 Block d-block Electron configuration [Kr ] 4d2 5s2 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 10, 2 Phase at STP solid Melting point 2125 K (1852 °C, 3365 °F) Boiling point 4650 K (4377 °C, 7911 °F) Density (at 20° C) 6.505 g/cm3 [3] when liquid (at m.p. ) 5.8 g/cm3 Heat of fusion 14 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 591 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 25.36 J/(mol·K) Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
2639
2891
3197
3575
4053
4678
Oxidation states −2, 0, +1,[4] [citation needed ] +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) Electronegativity Pauling scale: 1.33 Ionization energies 1st: 640.1 kJ/mol 2nd: 1270 kJ/mol 3rd: 2218 kJ/mol Atomic radius empirical: 160 pm Covalent radius 175±7 pm Spectral lines of zirconiumNatural occurrence primordial Crystal structure hexagonal close-packed (hcp) (hP2 ) Lattice constants a = 323.22 pmc = 514.79 pm (at 20 °C)[3] Thermal expansion 5.69× 10−6 /K (at 20 °C)[3] [a] Thermal conductivity 22.6 W/(m⋅K) Electrical resistivity 421 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C) Magnetic ordering paramagnetic [5] Young's modulus 88 GPa Shear modulus 33 GPa Bulk modulus 91.1 GPa Speed of sound thin rod 3800 m/s (at 20 °C) Poisson ratio 0.34 Mohs hardness 5.0 Vickers hardness 820–1800 MPa Brinell hardness 638–1880 MPa CAS Number 7440-67-7 Naming after zircon , zargun زرگون meaning "gold-colored". Discovery Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1789) First isolation Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1824)
Category: Zirconium | references
child table, as reused in {IB-Zr}
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Zirconium" . CIAAW . 1983.
^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)" . Pure and Applied Chemistry . doi :10.1515/pac-2019-0603 . ISSN 1365-3075 .
^ a b c d Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements . Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9 .
^ "Zirconium: zirconium(I) fluoride compound data" . OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10 .
^ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5 .
^ a b Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF) . Chinese Physics C . 45 (3): 030001. doi :10.1088/1674-1137/abddae .
^ Pritychenko, Boris; Tretyak, V. "Adopted Double Beta Decay Data" . National Nuclear Data Center. Retrieved 2008-02-11 .
^ Pritychenko, Boris; Tretyak, V. "Adopted Double Beta Decay Data" . National Nuclear Data Center. Retrieved 2008-02-11 .
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