Matter of national public policy interest
African American family in Florida , 1900
The out of wedlock birth rates by race in the United States from 1940-2014. The rate for African Americans is the purple line. Data is from the National Vital Statistics System Reports published by the CDC National Center for Health Statistics . Note: Prior to 1969, African American illegitimacy was included along with other minority groups as "Non-White."[1]
The family structure of African Americans has long been a matter of national public policy interest.[2] A 1965 report by Daniel Patrick Moynihan , known as The Moynihan Report , examined the link between black poverty and family structure.[2] It hypothesized that the destruction of the black nuclear family structure would hinder further progress toward economic and political equality.[2]
When Moynihan wrote in 1965 on the coming destruction of the black family, the out-of-wedlock birth rate was 25% among black people.[3] In 1991, 68% of black children were born outside of marriage (where 'marriage ' is defined with a government-issued license ).[4] In 2011, 72% of black babies were born to unmarried mothers,[5] [6] while the 2018 National Vital Statistics Report provides a figure of 69.4 percent for this condition.[7]
Among all newlyweds, 18.0% of black Americans in 2015 married non-black spouses.[8] 24% of all black male newlyweds in 2015 married outside their race, compared with 12% of black female newlyweds.[8] 5.5% of black males married white women in 1990.[9]
^ *Grove, Robert D.; Hetzel, Alice M. (1968). Vital Statistics Rates in the United States 1940-1960 (PDF) (Report). Public Health Service Publication. Vol. 1677. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare , U.S. Public Health Service , National Center for Health Statistics . p. 185.
Ventura, Stephanie J.; Bachrach, Christine A. (October 18, 2000). Nonmarital Childbearing in the United States, 1940-99 (PDF) (Report). National Vital Statistics Reports. Vol. 48. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , National Center for Health Statistics , National Vital Statistics System . pp. 28–31.
Martin, Joyce A.; Hamilton, Brady E.; Ventura, Stephanie J.; Menacker, Fay; Park, Melissa M. (February 12, 2002). Births: Final Data for 2000 (PDF) (Report). National Vital Statistics Reports. Vol. 50. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , National Center for Health Statistics , National Vital Statistics System . p. 46.
Martin, Joyce A.; Hamilton, Brady E.; Ventura, Stephanie J.; Menacker, Fay; Park, Melissa M.; Sutton, Paul D. (December 18, 2002). Births: Final Data for 2001 (PDF) (Report). National Vital Statistics Reports. Vol. 51. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , National Center for Health Statistics , National Vital Statistics System . p. 47.
Martin, Joyce A.; Hamilton, Brady E.; Sutton, Paul D.; Ventura, Stephanie J.; Menacker, Fay; Munson, Martha L. (December 17, 2003). Births: Final Data for 2002 (PDF) (Report). National Vital Statistics Reports. Vol. 52. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , National Center for Health Statistics , National Vital Statistics System . p. 57.
Martin, Joyce A.; Hamilton, Brady E.; Sutton, Paul D.; Ventura, Stephanie J.; Menacker, Fay; Munson, Martha L. (September 8, 2005). Births: Final Data for 2003 (PDF) (Report). National Vital Statistics Reports. Vol. 54. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , National Center for Health Statistics , National Vital Statistics System . p. 52.
Martin, Joyce A.; Hamilton, Brady E.; Sutton, Paul D.; Ventura, Stephanie J.; Menacker, Fay; Kirmeyer, Sharon (September 29, 2006). Births: Final Data for 2004 (PDF) (Report). National Vital Statistics Reports. Vol. 55. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , National Center for Health Statistics , National Vital Statistics System . p. 57.
Martin, Joyce A.; Hamilton, Brady E.; Sutton, Paul D.; Ventura, Stephanie J.; Menacker, Fay; Kirmeyer, Sharon; Munson, Martha L. (December 5, 2007). Births: Final Data for 2005 (PDF) (Report). National Vital Statistics Reports. Vol. 56. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , National Center for Health Statistics , National Vital Statistics System . p. 57.
Martin, Joyce A.; Hamilton, Brady E.; Sutton, Paul D.; Ventura, Stephanie J.; Menacker, Fay; Kirmeyer, Sharon; Mathews, T.J. (January 7, 2009). Births: Final Data for 2006 (PDF) (Report). National Vital Statistics Reports. Vol. 57. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , National Center for Health Statistics , National Vital Statistics System . p. 54.
Martin, Joyce A.; Hamilton, Brady E.; Sutton, Paul D.; Ventura, Stephanie J.; Mathews, T.J.; Kirmeyer, Sharon; Osterman, Michelle J.K. (August 9, 2010). Births: Final Data for 2007 (PDF) (Report). National Vital Statistics Reports. Vol. 58. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , National Center for Health Statistics , National Vital Statistics System . p. 46.
Martin, Joyce A.; Hamilton, Brady E.; Sutton, Paul D.; Ventura, Stephanie J.; Mathews, T.J.; Osterman, Michelle J.K. (December 8, 2010). Births: Final Data for 2008 (PDF) (Report). National Vital Statistics Reports. Vol. 59. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , National Center for Health Statistics , National Vital Statistics System . p. 46.
Martin, Joyce A.; Hamilton, Brady E.; Ventura, Stephanie J.; Osterman, Michelle J.K.; Kirmeyer, Sharon; Mathews, T.J.; Wilson, Elizabeth C. (November 3, 2011). Births: Final Data for 2009 (PDF) (Report). National Vital Statistics Reports. Vol. 60. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , National Center for Health Statistics , National Vital Statistics System . p. 46.
Martin, Joyce A.; Hamilton, Brady E.; Ventura, Stephanie J.; Osterman, Michelle J.K.; Wilson, Elizabeth C.; Mathews, T.J. (August 28, 2012). Births: Final Data for 2010 (PDF) (Report). National Vital Statistics Reports. Vol. 61. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , National Center for Health Statistics , National Vital Statistics System . p. 45.
Martin, Joyce A.; Hamilton, Brady E.; Ventura, Stephanie J.; Osterman, Michelle J.K.; Mathews, T.J. (June 28, 2013). Births: Final Data for 2011 (PDF) (Report). National Vital Statistics Reports. Vol. 62. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , National Center for Health Statistics , National Vital Statistics System . p. 43.
Martin, Joyce A.; Hamilton, Brady E.; Osterman, Michelle J.K.; Curtin, Sally C. (December 30, 2013). Births: Final Data for 2012 (PDF) (Report). National Vital Statistics Reports. Vol. 62. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , National Center for Health Statistics , National Vital Statistics System . p. 41.
Martin, Joyce A.; Hamilton, Brady E.; Osterman, Michelle J.K.; Curtin, Sally C.; Mathews, T.J. (January 15, 2015). Births: Final Data for 2013 (PDF) (Report). National Vital Statistics Reports. Vol. 64. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , National Center for Health Statistics , National Vital Statistics System . p. 40.
Hamilton, Brady E.; Martin, Joyce A.; Osterman, Michelle J.K.; Curtin, Sally C.; Mathews, T.J. (December 23, 2015). Births: Final Data for 2014 (PDF) (Report). National Vital Statistics Reports. Vol. 64. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , National Center for Health Statistics , National Vital Statistics System . pp. 7 & 41.
^ a b c "Moynihan's War on Poverty report" . Archived from the original on 2017-01-20. Retrieved 2015-07-31 .
^ Daniel P. Moynihan , The Negro Family: The Case for National Action , Washington, D.C., Office of Policy Planning and Research, U.S. Department of Labor , 1965.
^ National Review , April 4, 1994, p. 24.
^ "Blacks struggle with 72 percent unwed mothers rate" , Jesse Washington, NBC News , July 11, 2010
^ "For blacks, the Pyrrhic Victory of the Obama Era , Jason L. Riley , The Wall Street Journal , November 4, 2012
^ "National Vital Statistics Reports" (PDF) . 68 (13). November 27, 2019: 9. Retrieved 1 January 2021 .
^ a b Pew Research Intermarriage in the U.S. 50 Years After Loving v. Virginia May 18, 2017
^ Wong, Linda Y. (2003). "Why so only 5.5% of Black Men Marry White Women?". International Economic Review . 44 (3): 803–826. doi :10.1111/1468-2354.T01-1-00090 . S2CID 45703289 .