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The history of Bangladesh as a civilized nation goes back for more than four millennia to the Chalcolithic. The country's early recorded history is characterized by a succession of Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms and empires that fought for control of the Bengal region.
Islam arrived during the 8th century AD and became dominant gradually since the early 13th century with the conquests led by Bakhtiyar Khalji as well as activities of Sunni missionaries such as Shah Jalal in the region. Later, Muslim rulers initiated the preaching of Islam by building mosques. From the 14th century onward, it was ruled by the Bengal Sultanate, founded by Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah, formulated an individual currency etched with his name. He conquered Chittagong for the first time and merged with Bengal Sultanate. He constructed a high way from Chandpur to Chittagong for the first time.[1] The Bengal Sultanate was extended by king Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah, beginning a period of the country's economic prosperity and military dominance over the regional empires, which was referred by Europeans as the richest country to trade with.[2] Afterwards, the region came under the Mughal Empire, as, according to historian C. A. Bayly, probably its wealthiest province.[3]
Following the decline of the Mughal Empire in the early 1700s, Bengal became a semi-independent state under the Nawabs of Bengal, ultimately led by Siraj ud-Daulah. It was later conquered by the British East India Company at the Battle of Plassey in 1757. Bengal directly contributed to the Industrial Revolution in Britain but led to its deindustrialization.[4][5][6][7] The Bengal Presidency was later established.
The borders of modern Bangladesh were established with the separation of Bengal between India and Pakistan during Partition of India in August 1947, when the region became East Pakistan as a part of the newly formed State of Pakistan following the end of British rule in the region.[8] Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence in March 1971 led to the nine-month long Bangladesh Liberation War, that culminated with East Pakistan emerging as the People's Republic of Bangladesh. In 1971, Bangladeshi independence was declared by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.()
- ^ Muhammed Jamal Hossain. Bangladesh Affair. Confidence Research work. p. 30. 2022.
Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah...he's constructed a highway from Chandpur to Chittagong.
- ^ Nanda, J. N (2005). Bengal: the unique state. Concept Publishing Company. p. 10. 2005. ISBN 978-81-8069-149-2.
Bengal [...] was rich in the production and export of grain, salt, fruit, liquors and wines, precious metals and ornaments besides the output of its hand looms in silk and cotton. Europe referred to Bengal as the richest country to trade with.
- ^ Bayly, C. A. (1988). Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire. The New Cambridge History of India. Vol. II.1. Cambridge University Press. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-521-38650-0. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
- ^ Tong, Junie T. (2016). Finance and Society in 21st Century China: Chinese Culture Versus Western Markets. CRC Press. p. 151. ISBN 978-1-317-13522-7.
- ^ Esposito, John L., ed. (2004). "Great Britain". The Islamic World: Past and Present. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-19-516520-3. Archived from the original on 20 December 2017.
- ^ Ray, Indrajit (2011). Bengal Industries and the British Industrial Revolution (1757-1857). Routledge. pp. 7–10. ISBN 978-1-136-82552-1. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 20 January 2019.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
senguptawas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Jacobs, Frank (6 January 2013). "Peacocks at Sunset". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 July 2012. Retrieved 15 July 2012.