United States

United States of America
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: "In God We Trust"[1] Other traditional mottos:[2] "E pluribus unum" (Latin) "Out of many, one" "Annuit cœptis" (Latin) "Providence favors our undertakings" "Novus ordo seclorum" (Latin) "New order of the ages"
Anthem: "The Star-Spangled Banner"[3]
Show globe (states and D.C. only) Show the U.S. and its territories Show territories with EEZ
Capital	Washington, D.C. 38°53′N 77°01′W / 38.883°N 77.017°W / 38.883; -77.017
Largest city	New York City 40°43′N 74°00′W / 40.717°N 74.000°W / 40.717; -74.000
Official languages	None at the federal level[a]
National language	English (de facto)
Ethnic groups (2020)[4][5][6]	57.8% White 18.7% Latino 12.1% Black 5.9% Asian 0.7% Native American 0.2% Pacific Islander 4.1% multiracial 0.5% other
Religion (2021)[7]	63% Christianity 40% Protestantism 21% Catholicism 2% other Christian 29% no religion 1% Buddhism 1% Hinduism 1% Islam 1% Judaism 2% other 2% unanswered
Demonym(s)	American[b][8]
Government	Federal presidential constitutional republic and a liberal representative democracy[9]
• President	Joe Biden
• Vice President	Kamala Harris
• House Speaker	Kevin McCarthy
• Chief Justice	John Roberts
Legislature	Congress
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	House of Representatives
Independence  from Great Britain
• Revolution	March 22, 1765 (1765-03-22)
• Declaration	July 4, 1776 (1776-07-04)
• Confederation	March 1, 1781 (1781-03-01)
• Recognized	September 3, 1783 (1783-09-03)
• Constitution	June 21, 1788 (1788-06-21)
• Last Amendment	May 5, 1992 (1992-05-05)
Area
• Total area	3,796,742 sq mi (9,833,520 km2)[10] (3rd[c])
• Water (%)	4.66[11] (2015)
• Land area	3,531,905 sq mi (9,147,590 km2) (3rd)
Population
• 2022 estimate	333,287,557[12]
• 2020 census	331,449,281[d][13] (3rd)
• Density	87/sq mi (33.6/km2) (185th)
GDP (PPP)	2023 estimate
• Total	$26.855 trillion[14] (2nd)
• Per capita	$80,035[14] (8th)
GDP (nominal)	2023 estimate
• Total	$26.855 trillion[14] (1st)
• Per capita	$80,035[14] (7th)
Gini (2020)	39.4[e][15] medium
HDI (2021)	0.921[16] very high · 21st
Currency	U.S. dollar ($) (USD)
Time zone	UTC−4 to −12, +10, +11
• Summer (DST)	UTC−4 to −10[f]
Date format	mm/dd/yyyy[g]
Driving side	right[h]
Calling code	+1
ISO 3166 code	US
Internet TLD	.com, .us[17]

The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine Minor Outlying Islands,^[i] and 326 Indian reservations. The United States is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area.^[c] It shares land borders with Canada to its north and with Mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the Bahamas, Cuba, Russia, and other nations.^[j] With a population of over 333 million,^[k] it is the most populous country in the Americas and the third most populous in the world. The national capital of the United States is Washington, D.C., and its most populous city and principal financial center is New York City.

Indigenous peoples have inhabited the Americas for thousands of years. Beginning in 1607, British colonization led to the establishment of the Thirteen Colonies in what is now the Eastern United States. They quarreled with the British Crown over taxation and political representation, leading to the American Revolution and proceeding Revolutionary War. The United States declared independence on July 4, 1776, becoming the first nation-state founded on Enlightenment principles of unalienable natural rights, consent of the governed, and liberal democracy. During the nineteenth century, the United States political philosophy was influenced by the concept of manifest destiny, as the country expanded across the continent in a number of wars, land purchases, and treaties, eventually reaching the Pacific Ocean by the middle of the century. Sectional division surrounding slavery in the Southern United States led to the secession of the Confederate States of America, which fought the remaining states of the Union during the American Civil War (1861–1865). With the Union's victory and preservation, slavery was abolished nationally by the Thirteenth Amendment.

By 1900, the United States had established itself as a world power, becoming the world's largest economy. After Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, the U.S. entered World War II on the Allied side. The aftermath of the war left the United States and the Soviet Union as the world's two superpowers and led to the Cold War. During the Cold War, both countries engaged in a struggle for ideological dominance but avoided direct military conflict. They also competed in the Space Race, which culminated in the 1969 landing of Apollo 11, making the U.S. the first and only nation to ever land humans on the Moon. With the Soviet Union's collapse and the subsequent end of the Cold War in 1991, the United States emerged as the world's sole superpower.

The United States government is a federal republic and a representative democracy with three separate branches of government. It has a bicameral national legislature composed of the House of Representatives, a lower house; and the Senate, an upper house based on equal representation for each state. Many policy issues are decentralized, with widely differing laws by jurisdiction. The U.S. ranks highly in international measures of quality of life, income and wealth, economic competitiveness, human rights, innovation, and education; it has low levels of perceived corruption and the highest median income per person of any polity in the world. It has high levels of incarceration and inequality and lacks universal health care. As a melting pot of cultures and ethnicities, the U.S. has been shaped by the world's largest immigrant population.

A developed country, the American economy accounts for approximately a quarter of global GDP and is the world's largest by GDP at market exchange rates. The United States is the world's largest importer and second-largest exporter. The United States is a founding member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States, NATO, World Health Organization, and is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. The U.S. is the foremost military power in the world and a dominant political, cultural, and scientific force internationally.

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