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European theatre of World War II

This article is about a World War II geographical area. For the respective U.S. military command, see European Theater of Operations, United States Army.

European theatre of World War II
Part of World War II

From left to right, top to bottom
Date1 September 1939 – 8 May 1945[nb 16]
(5 years, 8 months and 1 week)
Location
Europe and adjoining regions
Result
Belligerents
Allies:
Former Axis powers
 Denmark (1940)		 Axis:
Axis puppet states
Commanders and leaders
Strength
18,950,000+ troops (total that served)[4][5][6] Nazi Germany 18,000,000+ troops (total that served)[7][8][6]
Fascist Italy 2,560,000 troops (total that served)[9]
Casualties and losses
9,007,590–10,338,576+ killed, 5,778,680+ captured[nb 17][nb 18][14] 5,406,110–5,798,110+ killed,[nb 19][15][16] 8,709,840 captured[16][nb 20]
19,650,000–25,650,000 civilians killed[nb 21][27]

The European theatre of World War II was one of the two main theatres of combat[nb 22] during World War II. It saw heavy fighting across Europe for almost six years, starting with Germany's invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 and ending with the Western Allies conquering most of Western Europe, the Soviet Union conquering most of Eastern Europe including the German capital Berlin, and Germany's unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945[nb 23] although fighting continued elsewhere in Europe until 25 May. On 5 June 1945, the Berlin Declaration proclaiming the unconditional surrender of Germany to the four victorious powers was signed. The Allied powers fought the Axis powers on two major fronts (Eastern Front and Western Front), but there were other fronts varying in scale from the Italian campaign (the 3rd largest campaign in Europe), to the Polish Campaign, as well as in a strategic bombing offensive and in the adjoining Mediterranean and Middle East theatre.


Cite error: There are <ref group=nb> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=nb}} template (see the help page).

  1. ^ Claus Kreß, Robert Lawless, Oxford University Press, Nov 30, 2020, Necessity and Proportionality in International Peace and Security Law, p. 450
  2. ^ David Stahel, Cambridge University Press, 2018, Joining Hitler's Crusade, p. 78
  3. ^ Robert Bideleux, Ian Jeffries, Routledge, Jan 24, 2007, The Balkans: A Post-Communist History, p. 84
  4. ^ Frieser, Karl-Heinz (2013)The Blitzkrieg Legend. Naval Institute Press
  5. ^ MacDonald 2005, p. 478.
  6. ^ a b Glantz & House 2015, pp. 301–303.
  7. ^ Overmans, Rüdiger (2004). Deutsche militärische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg (in German). München: Oldenbourg. Page 215.
  8. ^ Total German soldiers who surrendered in the West, including 3,404,950 who surrendered after the end of the war, is given as 7,614,790. To this must be added the 263,000–655,000 who died, giving a rough total of 8 million German soldiers having served on the Western Front in 1944–1945.Ellis 1993, p. 256
  9. ^ Regio Esercito: The Italian Royal Army in Mussolini's Wars, 1935–1943, Patrick Cloutier, p. 211.
  10. ^ a b Ellis 1993, p. 255.
  11. ^ MacDonald 2005, p. 478: "Allied casualties from D-day to V–E totaled 766,294. American losses were 586,628, including 135,576 dead. The British, Canadians, French, and other allies in the west lost slightly over 60,000 dead".
  12. ^ a b Ellis 1993, p. 256.
  13. ^ U.S. Army Casualties in World War II 1951.
  14. ^ Vadim Erlikman, Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke: spravochnik. Moscow 2004. ISBN 5-93165-107-1; Mark Axworthy, Third Axis Fourth Ally. Arms and Armour 1995, p. 216. ISBN 1-85409-267-7
  15. ^ George C Marshall, Biennial reports of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the Secretary of War : 1 July 1939 – 30 June 1945 Washington, DC : Center of Military History, 1996. Page 202 Archived 1 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
  16. ^ a b
  17. ^ Niewyk, Donald L. The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, Columbia University Press, 2000; ISBN 0-231-11200-9, p. 421.
  18. ^ Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960 Bonn 1961 p. 78
  19. ^ Bundesarchiv Euthanasie" im Nationalsozialismus, bundesarchiv.de; accessed 5 March 2016.(German)
  20. ^ Frumkin 1951, pp. 58–59.
  21. ^ "Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) Netherlands" (PDF). Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  22. ^ Frumkin 1951, p. 44–45.
  23. ^ Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2013–2014, page 44.
  24. ^ Frumkin 1951, p. 144.
  25. ^ "Hvor mange dræbte danskere?". Danish Ministry of Education. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  26. ^ Frumkin 1951, p. 59.
  27. ^ Krivosheev 1997.
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